At the Los Angeles Convention and Exhibition Center, gamers are experiencing virtual reality (VR) devices. Bright pictures/vision china

　　With the establishment of virtual reality technology (VR) laboratory in Alibaba, Stormwind TV released the first VR TV, Huawei announced its first generation of VR glasses products, and the VR industry also rose. It can be predicted that in the near future, the wide application of mobile Internet, big data and other information technologies will promote the further development of VR technology. So how is the so-called virtual reality technology realized?

　　1. Frontier disciplines of integrated application of software and hardware.

　　Virtual reality technology (VR) is a computer simulation system technology to create and experience a virtual world. That is to say, VR uses computers to generate a simulation environment, and uses multi-source information fusion for interactive three-dimensional dynamic visual scene and system simulation of entity behavior to immerse users in this environment. Up to now, there is no universal definition of it in the world, but it can generally be considered that it creates another unreal world that is as real, interactive and immersive as possible for human beings outside the real space by using various human-computer interaction technologies, so that human beings can roam in it, experience the most real virtual space and walk in their dreams without any restrictions.

　　VR has been widely used in new media, aerospace, military, engineering and other cutting-edge scientific and technological fields, and will be more widely used in our daily life as an advanced technical means. Because most of the monitors used by virtual reality in human-computer interaction are helmet-mounted enhanced portable display systems, it is one of the most promising application fields of portable display systems. Users only need to wear virtual reality equipment, such as helmets, glasses, etc., and they can feel all kinds of scenes set in the device.

　　VR system generally includes user control systems, such as human motion monitoring, control devices such as joystick, keyboard and mouse, and simulation feedback systems and processing systems for human senses such as vision, hearing, touch, smell and taste, as well as information display systems perceived by human beings, such as monitors, stereos and three-dimensional seats. Among them, visual and auditory control and simulation are the main development direction of VR at present, and helmet-mounted enhanced portable display system is the main product form used by users.

　　2. Construct a virtual space in advance in the computer.

　　VR is an interdisciplinary subject that relies on a large number of computer software technologies such as artificial intelligence, pattern recognition, graphics, bottom interface and new display technology, field sensor technology, force feedback system, wireless and wired communication technology. In essence, VR is the representation of the real world and the realization of dreams; From a technical point of view, it is a comprehensive application of cutting-edge technologies in the fields of software and hardware and an object-oriented comprehensive technology development.

　　VR enables people to experience a fantastic virtual reality while wearing a helmet-mounted enhanced portable viewing system. In fact, these virtual reality scenes use complex software technology to construct a real virtual space in the computer in advance. Every point in the space has many dimensions of information such as coordinates, colors, normals, logical relationships and so on in X, Y and Z. The computer then determines the position of people in the virtual scene through user input devices such as sensors, joysticks and mice, and finally reproduces the picture to the user’s eyes through the computer, thus creating a virtual space.

　　If such a series of tasks can be connected, and the operation time of the whole system is less than the visual retention time of people, users will have the feeling of roaming in the virtual reality world on the virtual image display screen of the head-mounted enhanced portable display system. VR is to create a virtual environment that makes you feel that this is reality. Entertain and attract you through this fictional reality.

　　3.MR— — Break through the boundary between virtual and reality

　　In addition to VR technology, there is also augmented reality technology, namely AR. Now there are only more than 20 authoritative companies in the world conducting research. Google’s technology is relatively mature, and its goal is to put the virtual world in the real world and interact with it on the screen. This technology was first put forward in 1990. With the improvement of the computing power of portable electronic products, it is expected that its application will be more and more extensive.

　　In essence, AR is the interaction between digital media and the real world. The imaging concept of AR and the immersive imaging experience of VR have created a hybrid virtual reality technology, namely MR, which is based on holographic projection reality. At the Microsoft Developer Summit held in June this year, satyanarayana nadella, CEO of Microsoft, emphasized the importance of its hybrid virtual reality technology equipment — — The correct "opening" way of Hololens is neither a VR helmet nor AR glasses. This hybrid virtual reality device holographically projects computer-generated 3D virtual objects into real space, and the wearer of Hololens can interact with 3D virtual animation in real space and trigger corresponding functions. The imaging principle of this kind of MR equipment is different from that of immersive VR equipment. It projects virtual images into real space, but the imaging effect of the projected holographic 3D images breaks through the boundary between virtual and real world.

　　interlinkage

　　Research and Application of Virtual Reality Technology

　　The focus of NASA’s research on this technology is the real-time simulation of space station manipulation, and they use a lot of cockpit-oriented flight simulation technology. Such as the simulation of the Hubble Space Telescope and the experimental plan of "Virtual Planet Exploration", this project enables the "Virtual Explorer" to use the virtual environment to explore distant planets, and the first goal is Mars.

　　The University of North Carolina is the earliest and most famous university to study virtual reality technology. Their main research includes molecular modeling, aviation driving, surgical simulation, architectural simulation and so on. On the display technology, the university has developed a parallel processing system called Pixel Plane, which helps users to build real-time dynamic display in complex scenes.

　　MIT was originally a pioneer in studying artificial intelligence, robotics, computer graphics and animation. These technologies are the basis of virtual reality technology. In 1985, a media laboratory was established to conduct formal research on virtual environment.

　　The laboratory of man-machine interface technology in Washington Technology Center of the University of Washington plays a leading role in the research of new concepts, and is also conducting research on sensory, perceptual, cognitive and motor control abilities. They introduced the research of virtual reality technology into the fields of education, design, entertainment and manufacturing. For example, Boeing’s V22 transport plane was built in the laboratory before it was put into production.

　　Illinois State University has developed a distributed virtual reality technology system that supports remote collaboration in vehicle design. Engineers from different countries and regions can design in real time through computer networks. In the process of designing a vehicle, various components can share a virtual environment, and can view the video transmission and corresponding positioning direction of any position of the other party. Virtual prototype is adopted in the system, which reduces the time for designing images and new products to enter the market, so that products can be estimated and tested before production, and the quality of products is greatly improved.

　　George Mei Sen University has developed a real-time fluid simulation system in a dynamic virtual environment. In a distributed interactive simulation system, the physical characteristics of complex fluids in the real world are simulated, including simulating ships running across the water, stirring liquids, mixing liquids of different colors, and the influence of rain on the terrain.

　　(Wei Yuejiang)

　　Cctv newsAccording to Red Shield Nangang WeChat WeChat official account News, on December 17th, State Administration for Market Regulation, Nangang, Harbin, informed the investigation on the mess of the back kitchen of online celebrity Barbecue Shop: Recently, some netizens posted a short video to reflect the mess of the back kitchen of the "Fancai Xiaochan City Fast Food Restaurant" located at 69 Xingda Road, nangang district. Law enforcement officers from the Catering Department of nangang district Market Supervision Administration and Haxi Market Supervision Administration arrived at the scene at 15:14 on the same day for inspection, and found that the problems in the store were basically consistent with the short video. Law enforcement officers filed an investigation on the spot according to law and issued a notice to correct it. At present, the case is under further investigation. The store has now closed for rectification.

Special feature of 1905 film network If you could have a "sweet dream day trip", which day would you choose?In a movie that created a box office myth.The Dream FactoryIn the room, absurd and funny wishes reflect the epitome of all kinds of people in society.

This film, which was broadcast at 13:55 on June 7th, was called the French version of "Party A and Party B" by many China audiences.Sweet dreams and a day trip, in French romance, in a relaxed and humorous way and teasing tone, the goal is to point to love.

The warm yellowed tones render an obvious sense of romance and fantasy. However, the film does not simply express a beautiful emotional experience, but reveals the other side of married life for people under a seemingly beautiful shell.

Nicola Beddoes, a director who loves to discuss marriage, made a private "crossing" trip in the high-concept romantic comedy A Sweet Dream Day, exploring marriage and life under the crisis of middle age.

Victor, the leading actor, is played by Daniel Auteuil, a French acting actor. His reserved performance style has won him the Best Actor Award at Cannes International Film Festival and the French film César Awards for many times.

Daniel Auteuil is similar in age to Victor’s character in the film, perhaps out of empathy for Victor’s middle-aged marriage dilemma. After reading the script of Sweet Dreams, he immediately agreed to play the role of Victor.

Marianne, the heroine, is fanny ardant, who is called "Truffaut’s last muse". Her energy, courage and enthusiasm are no different from Marianne’s free and easy posture.

With the advent of the Internet age, Victor, a cartoonist who was once a smash hit, lost his place. Unwilling to keep up with the trend of the times, he gradually lost his enthusiasm for life and gave up on himself.

On the contrary, Marianne, a wife who is full of freshness and enthusiasm for life, is getting more fashionable as she gets older and younger as she lives.The old couple, who have been married for more than 40 years, are also drifting away because of their different life concepts, which makes their marriage light up.

With the help of his son and friends, Victor, disheartened, picked up a "time-space experience coupon" given to him by his son and decided to accept the mysterious experience provided by "Recalling the Beautiful Company":

Build a realistic scene through movie props, enter the artificially created past time and space of "Dream Day Tour", and go back to the day when I met my wife in a bar in 1974.

At first, Victor was not completely immersed in it. The encounter with the young actress Margot (played by Doria Thillier) made Victor feel the long-lost youth, which made him fall into it.

As he became more and more involved in the drama, the boundary between "virtual" and "real" gradually blurred, and Victor gave Margot, a young actress who played Marianne, more encouragement to break through morality.Victor’s changes in love mood are also peeled off layer by layer.When the passion of the past is gone, how can love and marriage last?

Unlike most movies that praise the romance and beauty of love, A Sweet Dream Day Tour does the opposite. It tells the cruelty of time with romantic filters and exposes the cruelty of love and the complexity of human nature with absurd romantic stories.

"You don’t even know who I am. I’m just a draft, a line, a fragment of the woman you love, because I think you love her. Although you are drifting away from her, you say that she has changed, but you have also changed. Instead of pursuing her in your memory, it is better to explore her beauty, sadness and unknown, starting from this moment. We can’t change others into what we like, we can’t control everything, we must accept disappointment, criticism, ruthlessness and no passion, otherwise we will never go on. No matter how perfect the draft is, it is not real life. "

With the help of Victor’s story of traveling through a time machine, Sweet Dreams suggests that life is not a fairy tale, not every story will eventually have the best ending, and marriage and life in reality have always had five flavors.mixedChen.

At the same time, crossing to 1974 is also of unusual significance to the founders.Nicholas Beddoes, born after 50, entered the film industry at this time.Fanny ardant, the heroine, took the stage that year.

In the 1970s and 1980s, France was in a period of rapid economic development, people’s living standards were greatly improved, and various popular cultures such as movies and music were even more splendid. Whether for the French, the creator or the generation of Victor in the film, the 1970s and 1980s were the golden age in their hearts.

Whether it is the original film title "LaBelle époque" or a large number of nostalgic golden songs and retro fashions appearing in the film, it is full of memories of the good times. The director prepared a time-travel memory for himself while traveling through time for the characters in the play.

There is no time machine in the world after all.Instead of bemoaning and a moment that ought to have lasted for ever and has come and gone before I knew, it is better to live in the present and open a better future.Today, at 13:55, the movie channel will broadcast the French movie "A Sweet Dream Day Tour" for you to find your true love.

This newspaper (reporter Yan Liwen/photo)The Guiding Opinions on Cultivating Traditional Dominant Food Producing Areas and Local Characteristic Food Industries jointly issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other 11 departments clearly states that by 2025, the development pattern of local characteristic foods with "10 billion leaders, 100 billion clusters and 1 trillion industries" will be basically formed, and a number of national famous local characteristic food brands and typical cases of local characteristic snacks industrialization will be created.

As a representative of food on the tip of the tongue, local specialty snacks have condensed the wisdom of countless working people and are an inexhaustible motive force to promote regional economic development. With the growth of the new generation of consumer groups and the surge of online marketing, local specialties such as snail powder and hot and sour powder have ushered in new development opportunities. As a new force of convenience food, how will it develop more steadily and sustainably in the future?

A few days ago, at the Forum for the Development of Instant Food Industry of the 23rd China Instant Food Conference hosted by chinese institute of food science and technology, the participating experts and business representatives exchanged ideas around the cluster development advantages of local specialty snacks and explored the road to industrialization of local specialty foods.

Youpinzhi innovation special food

In recent years, the continuous growth of convenience foods such as hot and sour powder and snail powder has shaken the pattern of weak flour in the past decades, and these products have injected new vitality into the convenience food industry.

When talking about the development of snail powder, Lu Xiaoli, a professor at Sichuan University, said that the rapid development of Liuzhou snail powder industry is inseparable from the support of national policies, the promotion of local governments, the support of consumers and the vigorous marketing of merchants. Its product structure is not limited to the original model, and it has made great innovations in ingredients and soup packages. At present, there are more than 200 brands of pre-packaged Liuzhou snail powder, and the technical level of the production line integrates mechanization, automation and intelligence, which effectively helps the high-quality development of the industry.

Like snail powder, hot and sour powder is also working hard to improve quality. Dai Guichun, deputy general manager of the Instant Noodles Division of Sichuan Baijia Akuan Food Industry Co., Ltd. said that Baijia Chenji Hot and Sour Powder, as a pioneering representative of convenience fans, is also constantly innovating and developing to meet the growing health needs of consumers. "Jinli Ancient Street" small fresh flour, using a brand-new wet flour technology, produces wet flour with a water content of more than 50%, highly restores the taste of hand-beaten wet flour in restaurants, and makes authentic Sichuan-Chongqing snacks enter thousands of households.

He Jiguo, a professor at the College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering of China Agricultural University, is concerned about the functional convenience market for fans. He said that convenience food has become a part of the staple food of Chinese residents. Consumers have a large intake of staple food and high intake frequency, and its advantages after functionalization are remarkable. Enterprises should pay attention to the use of raw materials in the process of functionalizing convenience foods. The ingredients of food can increase the homology of medicine and food. Considering the adaptability of different combinations, on the basis of strictly observing relevant national laws and regulations, innovative research and development of functional convenience foods can meet the special needs of consumers.

"It is also an innovation for one side to raise one side by soil and water." Colin, manager of convenience food category of Shandong Tianbo Food Ingredients Co., Ltd., said that returning to tradition and focusing on quality are the focus in the industrialization of convenience food. Whether it is instant noodles, boiled noodles or mixed noodles, its essence is to meet the needs of consumers for meal replacement in specific scenes. In recent years, the development of fast food powder is oriented to high-end, regional and restaurant reduction, which also shows that product innovation should focus on people-oriented reduction of catering products, including taste reduction, quality reduction and fireworks reduction, bringing new value to consumers.

Strong cluster to cultivate advantageous industries

Hot and sour powder, snail powder, Regan Noodles, crossing the bridge rice noodles … These special snacks from all over the country are gathering resources, forming industrial clusters and driving local economic development.

As the "Capital of Hot and Sour Powder in China", Tongxu has provided a model for building a local snack industry cluster. Han Zhenqiang, the county magistrate of Tongxu County, Kaifeng City, Henan Province, said that in order to realize the development of hot and sour powder industrial cluster, Tongxu County planned to build a hot and sour powder industrial park with a total area of 2,730 mu, covering hot and sour powder cakes and ingredients processing, production and packaging, cold chain logistics, R&D quality inspection, e-commerce live broadcast and so on. At the same time, with minimal approval, strict constraints, excellent service and extremely fast efficiency, we will provide quality services to the majority of enterprises and continue to empower industrial development.

In Sichuan, all kinds of special foods also gather in groups. Hou Jinglin, Deputy Director of the Management Committee of Tianfu Modern Seed Industry Park in Qionglai City, Sichuan Province, introduced the investment project of green food industry in Qionglai Economic Development Zone. He said that Sichuan Qionglai Economic Development Zone focuses on the development of food and beverage, high-quality liquor and other industries, and strives to build a leading green food and beverage industry base in the west. It is the main bearing place for the development of Chengdu liquor industry and the liquor industry in the metropolitan area, initially forming the development trend of the whole liquor industry chain.

According to Ren Weiwei, executive president of Chengdu Food Industry Association, the emergence of local specialty snack industry clusters is the choice for the development of consumer market. In the future, the development of characteristic industries needs industrial thinking, government support and industry promotion. Enterprises need to have the ability of continuous product innovation and model innovation, open up the market through the marketing method of "online explosion and offline expansion", create a resounding product brand and category brand, realize the leap-forward development of enterprises, and create a trillion-dollar local specialty snack industry market.

Promote development and empower industry iteration

The structure of the convenience food industry has quietly changed, and the products such as instant vermicelli, rice noodles and rice noodles have catered to consumers’ demand for local specialties.

Li Shu, director of the Network Supervision Department of Henan Provincial Market Supervision Administration, believes that the role of digital technology in the industrialization process of local specialty snacks should not be underestimated. Henan is a big food manufacturing province, and it is proposed to speed up the certification of smart workshops and smart chemical plants in the construction of public brands of "Famous American and Henan Products". The growth of the output value of single products such as snail powder and steamed eggs with flour is inseparable from the help of enterprises to analyze and accurately position the market with big data. Industrial digitalization is promoting major changes in production methods and social economy, empowering and vigorously promoting the take-off of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Zhang Yi, founder and CEO of Ai Media Consulting Group, said that the categories represented by Liuzhou snail powder, Chongqing hot and sour powder, Hunan Changde rice noodle, etc., restore and reproduce local food and flavor snacks, which are favored by consumers, and the regionalized features of convenient noodles are increasingly obvious, and new categories and new tastes of convenient noodles with regional characteristics are rapidly hatched. In the future, it will be the trend of product innovation and development for the instant noodle food industry to speed up cooperation with universities and research institutes, dig deep into regional traditional foods and conduct in-depth research on special foods in different regions.

He Yao, the founder of Sichuan Creative Box Brand Marketing Planning Co., Ltd., said that when talking about the innovative planning and three-dimensional marketing of new convenience foods with local characteristics, the R&D propaganda of new categories should clearly state "Who am I", focus on one point and one group of people, and avoid making products that are suitable for any scene and can be eaten and eaten by men, women and children without memory points. In the face of the changing market, only by making the brand itself a "flow" can the brand grow red after the flow "fades".

Liu Haoyu, Deputy Secretary-General of chinese institute of food science and technology, said that with the influx of more and more brands and capital, both the marketing model and product design have subverted the previous forms and easily switched between culture and personality. In the new era, the convenience food industry, as the main force in the field of food industry, the important carrier of rural revitalization and the key support of healthy China, will play an important role in the process of Chinese modernization, and the industrialization process of local specialty food is also an important way for the convenience food industry to meet people’s yearning for a better life.

Consumer Daily, October 12, 2023

　　It takes 23 days from the submission of the application materials to the issuance of the trial by the CSRC. The IPO of Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway") has been experienced in the A-share market with an average initial review period of 9 months and nearly 400 companies waiting in line for listing, which truly shows a "high-speed railway speed".

　　The prospectus published by the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway on October 25, 2019 is 578 pages long, but it has not achieved many disenchantment functions. On the contrary, several "myths" have been added — — For example, there are only 67 employees who are retired, rehired and seconded, and the per capita assets under management are 2.792 billion yuan; More than 50 million train tickets are sold every year, with an average gross profit of 124 yuan per ticket; The company has a long-term loan of more than 20 billion yuan, and the annual interest expense is more than 1 billion yuan, but it is all credit loans without any collateral … …

　　Up to now, the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway has been operating safely for more than 8 years, sending 1.1 billion passengers. From the perspective of income, profit and large-scale operation level, Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway is a well-deserved "golden route". Railways and trains seem to be ordinary means of transportation, but considering their important position in the national economy, many countries in the world have regarded them as the key carriers of economic and political games. In the second half of the 20th century, in order to introduce competition and stimulate development, the railway systems of the United States, Japan, Britain, France, Germany and other countries have experienced long and arduous commercial reforms. In the process of losing its state-owned color, the railway has also produced many innovative operating ideas and commercial products such as "separation of network and transportation" and "Shinkansen".

　　It is not easy to open China railway system with market mechanism. As we all know, in the past, the management and operation of the railway system in China has long concentrated the power of administrative examination and approval, road network and transportation management in the Ministry of Railways. Until around 2000, China started the railway reform, and the Ministry of Railways was divided into the State Railway Administration, which is mainly under administrative supervision, the China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd., which is mainly under the management of several local railway bureaus, and various franchised companies.

　　According to the prospectus, through this IPO, the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway hopes to raise up to 50 billion yuan. If the target is achieved, the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail will become the sixth largest IPO project in the history of A shares. It is also a phased product of the combination of national will and technological innovation after a long process of exploration, and it bears a crucial mission of China’s railway market-oriented reform: it must be broken in the link of "commercialization verification".

Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail is the most profitable high-speed rail line in China.

　　Double definitions of "golden route"

　　The idea of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway can be traced back to a series of internal discussions in the 1980 s. In 1990, the former Ministry of Railways assembled all the early studies into the "Concept Report of Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway Line Scheme", and formally put forward the idea that "China should also build high-speed railway". It was not until April 18, 2008 that the entire Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway was officially started, and it was completed and opened to traffic on June 30, 2011.

　　In the project proposal approved by the State Council in 2006, it was mentioned that the total budget of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway would exceed 160 billion yuan. However, in the feasibility study report released one year later, the construction budget rose to 220.94 billion yuan, equivalent to a cost of 167 million yuan per kilometer. This also makes the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway the infrastructure project with investment scale second only to the Three Gorges Dam since the founding of New China.

　　80% of the lines have to be carried by new viaducts, and the demolition costs involved along the way are the main reasons for the high construction cost of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway. The cost of land acquisition and demolition in seven provinces and municipalities directly under the central government across the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway was not confirmed by audit until 2015. According to the contents of the prospectus of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, the total cost of land acquisition and demolition reached 37.099 billion yuan. In addition, according to the prospectus, the construction capital of high-speed railway station reached 1.94 billion yuan.

　　These upfront investments were later directly realized in the form of capital into the shares of provinces and cities along the way in the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway company. At present, in addition to the above-mentioned local shareholders, the other three major shareholders of Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway are China Railway Investment Co., Ltd. (which invested 60.3 billion yuan when it was launched, holding 49.76%), Ping An Asset Management Co., Ltd. (which invested 16 billion yuan when it was launched, holding 11.44%) and National Social Security Fund (which invested 10 billion yuan when it was launched, holding 7.15%).

　　At the initial stage of operation, the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway is often compared with the "Beijing-Shanghai Express" route invested heavily by Air China, China Eastern Airlines and other airlines, because both of them connect the transportation services of the two most important cities in China. In fact, the difference between them is very obvious — — The Beijing-Shanghai express line is only to realize the rapid direct connection between business travelers in Beijing and Shanghai, and the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail is of great significance to the population flow and regional economy in the areas covered by the site.

　　A working paper (summary paper) published by the World Bank in 2014 also confirms this view — — The Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway is 1318 kilometers long, but the proportion of passengers who take the whole Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway line from beginning to end is not as high as expected, and the average ride distance is actually about 500 kilometers. If you start from Shanghai, this number can reach Bengbu City in Anhui Province. Starting from Beijing, you can reach Tai ‘an City in Shandong Province.

　　The total population living in provinces and cities along the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway accounts for 27.3% of the national total. The labor force can flow quickly and conveniently, which is conducive to promoting the economic development of provinces and cities along the high-speed rail. In another research report, the World Bank calculated the GDP of Dezhou and Jinan in Shandong Province in 2010, and concluded that the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway boosted the GDP of these two cities by 0.67% to 1.39% and 0.36% to 0.75% respectively in 2015.

　　This may be one of the most intuitive explanation cases of "when a train rings, there are two thousand gold".

　　China version of "separation of network and transportation"

　　A high-speed railway itself is a valuable fixed asset, plus station buildings, electrical equipment, land use rights and a small amount of cash along the line that can be estimated — — These constitute most of the assets of the listed Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail company. The train assets running on this railway belong to the three local railway bureau groups of Shanghai, Jinan and Beijing along the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway.

　　Based on the above division of assets, the relationship between Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway Company and railway bureaus along the line is generally a so-called "entrusted transportation" cooperation relationship, that is, the road network company entrusts railway bureaus with trains and workers to complete transportation services. In the transportation industry, this model is called "separation of network and transportation".

　　The idea of "separation of network and transportation" is to separate the railway network infrastructure with resource monopoly from the railway passenger and freight transportation with market competitiveness by setting up their own companies to operate. Its value lies in promoting the maximum utilization of road network resources with the help of increasingly flexible market-oriented passenger and cargo transportation business.

　　Germany is one of the representative countries that implement railway "separation of network and transportation". In addition to the state-owned Deutsche Bahn, there are currently more than 400 private railway operators who can use the German railway network, achieving full competition in the freight and short-distance passenger transport markets.

　　Theoretically, Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, as a road network company, has the right to collect the road network service fee from the railway bureau to which the trains operating on the road network belong — — Simple understanding is "toll", but the ticket revenue and the revenue generated by various services on the train belong to several local railway bureaus. In the prospectus, the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway directly refers to the local railway bureau as its "customer".

　　This situation is similar to that of long-distance buses running on expressways — — Whether it is empty or full, the highway company will charge the same toll; However, the passenger’s ticket money is handed over to the bus operating company, so what the passenger transport company needs to consider is to improve the attendance rate by improving the service experience, thus driving the continuous growth of ticket revenue.

　　The Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway finally implemented a more complicated mode of "separation of network and transportation". As a result, the company not only collected tolls from the local railway bureau, but also had a part of the direct income of train tickets.

　　According to the prospectus, the Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway Company has signed the Agreement on Train Undertaking of Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway with Shanghai Railway Bureau, Jinan Railway Bureau and Beijing Railway Bureau, and the Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway has the service management right of "local trains", so it can obtain the ticket income of these trains.

　　The definition of "local train" by Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway is "a train running on the Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway, which starts and ends". Simply explained, the starting station and the terminal station of the train are all stations in a city along the Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway, such as Beijing to Nanjing, Jinan to Xuzhou and Tianjin to Shanghai.

　　For the trains on this line, the local railway bureau is the "entrusted service provider" of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway company, and its main income items are the train rental fee and entrusted service management fee paid by the latter (all train service personnel belong to the local railway bureau); At the same time, the local railway bureau does not have to pay "tolls" to the railway bureau.

　　The opposite of "local train" is "cross-line train", which refers to those trains whose starting station or terminal station is not on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, but will pass through (use) a certain section of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway. For example, the high-speed trains from Zhengzhou to Nanjing or Beijing to Hangzhou are all over-the-line trains. For cross-line trains, Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway Company only participates in the operation as a simple road network operator, and collects "toll" from the local railway bureau to which the train belongs, and all the fare income belongs to the latter.

　　The combined "separation of network and transportation" that "the road network company collects both tickets and tolls" around the operation of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway is full of China characteristics. In other words, this is a phased achievement in the long journey of railway reform in China.

　　In fact, along with it, the discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of "separation of network transportation" in the industry has never stopped. On the one hand, this model is recognized, because it faces the intertwined railway operation system from the system. First, it makes a complete cut of "road network resources" and "transportation services". However, it is difficult to see the possibility of introducing other market-oriented railway operation service providers in the short term, so after the above-mentioned cutting, the process reengineering is still implemented among various state-owned companies, which increases the transaction cost and is a negative impact on improving system efficiency.

　　Balanced performance space

　　After the disclosure of the prospectus of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail, the outside world marveled at its annual income scale of more than 30 billion yuan. At present, the company’s "local business" and "cross-line business" revenue accounts for basically the same proportion. In the business model, these two parts of income correspond to completely different indicators and models.

　　The income of the "local train" is the fare, and the two indicators that affect the income are the total number of passengers sent and the average fare paid by passengers. However, the prospectus of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway does not directly disclose the average passenger fare, but only discloses the passenger transportation data such as the total number of trains sent, the number of passengers sent, the load factor and the passenger turnover during the reporting period.

　　The main factor that affects the income of "cross-line trains" is the number of trains that purchase services from the road network. According to the prospectus, since the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway line is connected with many high-speed railways such as Jingha, Taiqing and Shanghai-Kunming, and the hub stations along the line are mostly traffic hubs in the eastern region, with the gradual improvement of the high-speed railway network, the corresponding cross-line train income has also increased.

　　Since 2016, the actual controller of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail — — China Railway Corporation, the predecessor of China National Railway Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd."), has the "pricing power" for high-speed rail, and can implement certain fare fluctuations according to factors such as market competition and passenger flow distribution. In the past few years, although there have been preferential discount tickets for high-speed rail and bullet trains as a whole, the fares of key lines represented by Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail have remained unchanged for many years.

　　A more noteworthy variable is that in recent years, with the introduction of the "Fuxing" train with faster running speed, the opening of long-formed trains that can accommodate more passengers, and the adjustment of the proportion of trains with various formation sizes, the annual total number of passengers sent by trains on this line is steadily increasing, but the daily average number of trains on this line is declining.

　　This idea of small-scale adjustment is believed to continue in the next year or two and become an important variable affecting the company’s revenue and gross profit growth. On the premise that the ticket price is relatively constant, CBN magazine calculated the annual revenue and gross profit growth range of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail in the future. Under optimistic circumstances, it is estimated that the annual growth rate of its revenue will reach 9.34% and the gross profit will increase by 7.55%. Even in a relatively pessimistic situation, the performance can remain stable.

　　The core asset of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway company is the high-speed railway network. Considering the minimum train tracking interval, train speed and other factors, its overall capacity has a theoretical upper limit. In order to maximize the growth of revenue and profit, the company should actually consider how to balance the proportion of local cars and cross-line cars.

　　In the routine inquiry of the CSRC about the prospectus of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail, one question is to ask the company to explain whether the second line of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail may form a major horizontal competition relationship with the existing business. As the bidding for related design projects was publicized, the second line of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail, which is still in early planning, happened to catch up with the "hot spot" of listing of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail. In order to alleviate the transportation pressure of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail, the National Development and Reform Commission announced the development plan of the future high-speed rail in July 2016, and the "Beijing-Shanghai Passage" part involved is the Beijing-Shanghai Second Line. Except the origin and destination stations and Tianjin section are consistent with the current Beijing-Shanghai line, Weifang, Linyi, Huai ‘an, Yangzhou and Nantong on the Beijing-Shanghai second line are all closer to the east coast of China. These two railway lines connecting Beijing and Shanghai will become an important part of the "eight verticals and eight horizontals" long-term planning of China railway network in the future. As more high-speed rail lines are built and merged into the existing network, the utilization rate of the existing Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail line will further increase, but the cost will decrease according to the marginal effect, thus gradually pushing up the gross profit margin.

　　Close to "big profit"

　　In the railway industry, there are so-called "small profits" and "big profits". "Small profit" means that income can offset operating costs, such as labor, energy, depreciation, etc. The "big profit" is based on the investment in railway construction, such as loan interest and principal.

　　Due to the huge construction cost, in addition to the capital invested by the company’s shareholders, high-speed rail projects often rely on a large number of debt financing to fill the gap. When the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway was built, 50% capital and 50% loans and bonds were used to cover the upfront cost of 220 billion yuan. According to the prospectus, as of the end of the third quarter of 2019, the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway still has a total of 21.807 billion yuan of long-term loans, of which 1.5 billion yuan will expire within one year; It is estimated that in the whole year of 2019, the company will still have to pay more than 1 billion yuan in interest on the loan.

　　For the Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway Company, there is a relatively objective profit margin for ticket and road network revenue. According to the prospectus, the current interest guarantee multiple (editor’s note: earnings before interest and tax’s interest expenditure, which is used to measure the company’s basic ability to repay loans) is 16 times. In addition, the company repaid 7.5 billion yuan of long-term loans in advance in 2016, so it is quite promising to achieve the "big profit" goal of "paying interest and repaying principal".

　　But this is only the result of independent inspection of high-speed rail operating companies. Because of the close cooperation between the high-speed rail operating company and the railway bureau, it is difficult to analyze it independently in daily operation, so the influence of the railway bureau should be considered when investigating the overall operation of the high-speed rail line.

　　The prospectus of the Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway also disclosed some operation data of 18 railway bureaus under the jurisdiction of China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.. Among the three railway bureaus in Beijing, Jinan and Shanghai involved in the line, in 2018, only the Shanghai Bureau had a profit of 1.7 billion yuan, the Jinan Bureau suffered a slight loss, and the Beijing Bureau had a loss of 6.139 billion yuan. The income and profit level of the specific line were not disclosed. And China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.’s total debt level has stabilized at more than 5 trillion yuan.

　　According to the report "China’s High-speed Railway Development" released by the World Bank in mid-2019, if the overall profitability of the lines composed of "corresponding investment from operating companies and railway bureaus" is investigated, many lines with a design speed of 200-250km/h in China can hardly achieve the operation goal of "small profit" at the initial stage of opening. After the line is opened for 10 years, the principal and interest pressure has been significantly reduced, and more than half of the lines with a design speed of 300 to 350 kilometers per hour can achieve "big profits" at the existing passenger traffic level.

　　Of course, there is also the debt borne by local governments for the introduction of high-speed rail. In order to implement the relevant demolition funds, local governments rely heavily on bank loans in addition to using financial funds, which actually further increases their own burden. In 2018, the Development and Reform Commission issued special guidance to warn individual places of the hidden debt risk under the "high-speed rail effect".

　　In the face of such an overall situation of the industry, as a star company entity with annual profits and dividends, IPO financing of 50 billion yuan and "promoting the reform of railway joint-stock system", the economic value of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway is remarkable, but it is impossible to copy it.

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Seals may be seen in some aquariums, but how do these seals react when they see food? In the aquarium, the netizen saw the keeper teasing the seal man with a small fish, and the behavior and barking sound of the seal made the Lord feel funny.

A seal can’t talk like a human, but it knows how to express itself with actions and some sounds, so when it sees something to eat, it keeps barking there, hoping to achieve its goal, and doesn’t even want to twist its head when it sees food.

The seal kept barking there, but it was because of it that people became more and more fond of playing with it. It looked particularly interesting and lovely. If there was no food to tempt it, it wouldn’t bark, which made the audience lose interest.

Seals don’t go into the water on the shore, and another seal in the water is also watching. They all hope that this keeper will give it eat small fish. Both guys are tempted by small fish and can’t leave. It’s unbearable not to eat some small fish.

If you want these seals to be motivated, you have to use these methods. No matter what kind of animals they are, they are all foodies. As long as they see what they eat, they are particularly active. Therefore, when there are many audiences, they have to use food to perform.

The seal on the shore has been barking there for a long time, but it hasn’t waited until the food is eaten, but it just doesn’t give up, and it continues to cry there unless it eats the food. Netizens, have you ever seen a seal?

Note: The picture comes from the Internet.

French President Nicolas Sarkozy (front left) and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev issued statements.

　　Georgia and Russia agreed in principle to the six ceasefire principles proposed by the European Union on 13th, but Russia has reservations about some contents of the ceasefire agreement. On the 12th, Georgian President Saakashvili said that Georgia had decided to leave the CIS, which Russia regretted.

　　In addition, the foreign ministers of the 27 EU countries have obvious differences on whether Russia should bear the consequences of the Georgia-Russia conflict. The United States said that it had cancelled the US-Russia joint naval exercise plan.

　　Russia and Georgia agree on six principles in principle.

　　French President Nicolas Sarkozy, who holds the rotating presidency of the European Union, said in Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia, on the 13th that Georgia and Russia agreed in principle to the six ceasefire principles proposed by the European Union, including "renunciation of the use of force".

　　These six ceasefire principles have been revised according to the requirements of Russia and Georgia. Sarkozy said: "On the phone, we discussed with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev twice what Georgia requested to modify. We deleted the status of South Ossetia from the document. " The cease-fire agreement mainly includes a cease-fire, the withdrawal of all troops to their barracks, the opening of humanitarian corridors, the clarification of the status of Russian peacekeeping forces and the determination of measures for the country’s stable development.

　　Answering a reporter’s question on the latest situation in South Ossetia on the 13th, Qin Gang, spokesman of Russian Foreign Ministry, said that China welcomes China’s decision to end its military operations in the conflict zone between Georgia and South Ossetia.

　　Russia: It will not negotiate with President Georgia.

　　Saakashvili and Sarkozy said that the next stage of negotiations between Georgia and Russia should be based on these six ceasefire principles. However, Russia seems to have ruled out the possibility of negotiations with Saakashvili. Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said: "Saakashvili had better resign." But he said that Russia has no intention of ousting Saakashvili. Sarkozy expressed the hope that Georgia and Russia could sign a ceasefire agreement.

　　Lavrov has reservations about some of the contents of the Georgia-Russia ceasefire agreement supported by the EU: "Russia supports the line of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the EU, that is, it is very important for the two sides to sign a ceasefire agreement, but we question several principles of the agreement."

　　RIA Novosti reported on the 13th that Russia is mainly opposed to restoring the peacekeeping mode in South Ossetia to the structure before the conflict between Georgian troops and armed personnel in South Ossetia broke out on August 7. Lavrov said: "It is difficult for us to agree, because it means that Georgia’s so-called peacekeepers will stay in South Ossetia." He stressed: "Georgian peacekeepers can’t stay there."

　　Georgia: 50 Russian tanks entered the important place.

　　However, Alexander Lomaya, secretary of the Georgian National Security Council, declared that about 50 Russian tanks entered the Georgian strategic fortress Gori. Lomaya said on the 13th that Russian tanks entered Gori at 9: 45 am (1: 45 pm Beijing time). This time interval is about eight hours since Georgia accepted six ceasefire principles.

　　The Russian military strongly denied Lomaya’s statement. An eyewitness said: "I traveled all over Gori and didn’t (see) tanks or Russian soldiers." Gori is located about 25 kilometers south of Tskhinvali, the capital of South Ossetia. Western and Georgian media previously reported that Russian troops bombed Georgian civilian facilities, including Gori, which was denied by Russia.

　　Georgia decided to withdraw from CIS.

　　The conflict in the past few days has caused a sharp deterioration in Georgia-Russia relations. Georgian President Saakashvili said at a mass rally on the 12th that Georgia has made a decision to leave the Commonwealth of Independent States. Saakashvili also said that Georgia has made a series of important decisions, including withdrawing from the CIS and declaring South Ossetia and Abkhazia as occupied territories. On the same day, Russian First Deputy Foreign Minister Denisov responded that Russia regretted Georgia’s decision. Gustorff, chairman of the CIS Affairs Committee of the Russian Federation Council, said that Saakashvili often announced his withdrawal from the CIS, as he did six months ago. I may really want to quit this time, but it will not bring any disaster to the CIS. CIS is the abbreviation of Commonwealth of Independent States, with 12 member countries, namely Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Russia, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan.

　　EU: No statement in case of disagreement

　　The foreign ministers of the 27 EU countries are scheduled to hold an emergency meeting on the 13th to discuss the six ceasefire principles between Georgia and Russia. Reuters quoted an EU official as saying that the foreign ministers of the 27 countries will not issue a joint statement that day. The foreign ministers have obvious differences on whether Russia should bear the consequences of the Georgia-Russia conflict.

　　Lithuanian Foreign Minister Vaiti Kunnas said that Russia’s unacceptable excessive use of force should bear the consequences. However, Cypriot Foreign Minister Márkos Kyprianoú decided: "If the EU intends to act as a mediator, it must remain objective and neutral. We must be cautious when taking steps. " Asked whether the EU would sanction Russia, kyprianou replied: "I don’t think so today."

　　United States: Cancel the United States-Russia joint military exercise

　　According to reports, the retaliatory measures taken by the U.S. government against Russia include canceling the joint U.S.-Russia naval exercise, boycotting a planned meeting between the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and Russia, and reducing contacts between the G-7 and Russia. After Russia announced the ceasefire, the Permanent Representative of the United States to the United Nations called the Russian action "positive". A White House spokesman also said that the United States is evaluating Russia’s decision to end its military operations in Georgia. (Contributed by Xinhua News Agency)

　　Chain connection

　　Our embassy in Georgia should make emergency plans.

　　You Yimao, secretary of the Commercial Counsellor’s Office of the Embassy of China in Georgia, recently said that the emergency plan of the Embassy has been launched and the evacuation plan for local Chinese and overseas Chinese has been issued.

　　It is understood that there are 400 to 500 overseas Chinese in Georgia, and there are more than a dozen Chinese-funded enterprises. The vast majority of Chinese and overseas Chinese live in Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia, which is far from the area where military conflicts have occurred. You Yimao, secretary of the embassy, said that the staff of the embassy paid close attention to the local situation, made judgments and assessments on the development of the situation, made emergency plans, and kept in touch with China citizens in Georgia, ready to provide them with emergency assistance at any time.

Editor: Zhang Renhe

　　On October 29th, 2024, at the event site of Hohhot Station, the alcohol and hydrogen products tasting tour of "alcohol is better than oil province", the alcohol and hydrogen duo "Remote Xingzhi H9M alcohol and hydrogen electric light truck" and "Remote Xinghuan H alcohol and hydrogen electric heavy truck" under the remote new energy commercial vehicle were officially launched. Among them, the remote Xingzhi H9M has three characteristics, namely "intelligence", "excellence" and "completeness". The perfect ADAS intelligent driving assistance function brings greater safety, and the alcohol-hydrogen electric power system brings it a strong endurance of over 1000km, which is a brand-new benchmark for leading the new energy heavy-duty light truck market remotely. On the day of the event, Remote provided the first batch of users of Xingzhi H9M with a six-fold car purchase gift such as "direct cash reduction, zero interest loan and insurance subsidy". The number of orders for alcohol and hydrogen products signed at the event site was 1233, which accelerated the popularization and application of alcohol and hydrogen electric vehicles in the northern region.

　　Alcohol and hydrogen power, green first

　　Alcohol, hydrogen and electric boost the transformation and upgrading of logistics in the northern region

　　On July 31, the central government issued the Opinions on Accelerating the Overall Green Transformation of Economic and Social Development, which systematically deployed the overall green transformation, and methanol filling was clearly included in the green transportation infrastructure construction plan. Inner Mongolia actively responded to the national double carbon strategy and accelerated the optimization of energy structure and the green development of the logistics industry. Compared with traditional fuel, methanol fuel has higher combustion efficiency and lower emissions, which is an ideal choice for commercial vehicles to realize green transformation. Developing alcohol-hydrogen electric vehicles is the best practice to realize the diversification of new energy structure. The arrival of Xingzhi H9M undoubtedly provides a new solution for the energy transformation in Inner Mongolia and the green upgrade of urban distribution logistics.

　　In addition, Xingzhi H9M can also promote the logistics industry in the northern region to reduce costs, increase efficiency and speed up development. The strong adaptability of methanol fuel has created the wide adaptability of alcohol-hydrogen electric light truck in low temperature area, which can effectively make up for the shortcoming that pure electric product batteries are not cold-resistant. Xingzhi H9M is equipped with an intelligent thermal management system integrating alcohol and electricity, which can be started quickly in the extremely low temperature environment of -20℃ to ensure uninterrupted and efficient operation throughout the year. At the same time, the alcohol-hydrogen electric vehicle also has super economy, which can save more than 40% of the fuel cost per kilometer compared with the same level fuel vehicle, and will greatly reduce the operating cost of the logistics industry.

　　Smart and excellent, peace of mind to make money.

　　Remote Xingzhi H9M to Build the "All-round King" of Freight Industry

　　As the leading brand of new energy commercial vehicles, remote new energy commercial vehicles have always been committed to promoting the development of the industry with technological innovation. With advanced intelligent technology, excellent product quality and strong ability to flexibly adapt to the transportation needs of the whole scene, the remote Xingzhi H9M has successfully won enthusiastic response from the guests at the scene. With the three strong product highlights of "intelligence, Excellence and completeness", we will achieve the "all-round king" of the freight industry with safety, Dora, multi-profit and multi-scenarios.

　　Remote Xingzhi H9M cooperates to create a "smart benchmark" in the field of new energy light trucks through powerful intelligent upgrade of software and hardware, and drives the safety leap with technology, so that users can create wealth safely at their fingertips. It is equipped with ADAS 2.0 intelligent driving assistance function, which is an intelligent auxiliary technology to build commercial vehicles remotely with passenger car-level hardware standards. The all-round protection system effectively creates a safer and more secure environment for users to create wealth. Xingzhi H9M will also be fully equipped with remote full-stack self-developed intelligent core three-electric system and liquid-cooled battery, which greatly enhances the cycle life of the battery, and the efficiency of the electric drive system can reach 97.86%, making it an efficient and durable ideal choice for users in the process of creating wealth.

　　According to the specific operational requirements of the new energy light truck user "dorado Earn", Xingzhi H9M has been optimized in many aspects, such as battery life, load bearing and maintenance. In terms of battery life, thanks to the blessing of the alcohol-hydrogen electric new energy technology route, the battery life can exceed 1000km；; On the load bearing, Xingzhi H9M is built on a heavy-duty platform, and equipped with the industry’s first double-gear electric drive bridge, with a peak power of 185kW and a peak wheel end torque of 9000N·m, which doubles the lead in new energy light truck competing products and heavy-duty climbing. The chassis uses long-term maintenance technology, and also provides a long-term warranty commitment for key components of the vehicle. According to statistics, 300,000 kilometers or 8 years can save more than 30,000 yuan.

　　The comprehensive and advanced Xingzhi H9M will fully meet the needs of users to create wealth. It is not only suitable for home decoration, green transportation, cold chain transportation, rice and flour grain and oil, LTL logistics, drinks and other application scenarios with high freight density. With a cruising range of more than 1000km, it can also achieve full coverage of urban distribution, suburban and intercity transportation needs, and it can be called the "all-around king" in the field of new energy light trucks. Once released, the new product stood out from many rigorous competitions such as energy saving, accelerated braking, climbing and wading, and won five awards such as the "All-around Gold Award" in the 9th China New Energy Logistics Vehicle Challenge of NEVC2024.

　　The listing of Remote Xingzhi H9M not only demonstrates the leading position and technological innovation ability of Remote in the field of new energy commercial vehicles, but also deeply empowers the green transformation of logistics economy in the northern region, leading the industry to realize the operational advantage of "saving alcohol than oil, and worry-free remote".

　　Topic:During the Golden Week of the Spring Festival this year, the sales of retail and catering enterprises nationwide exceeded one trillion yuan for the first time. E-commerce big data shows that the Spring Festival consumer market is in the process from quantitative change to qualitative change, and consumers’ choices are more diversified and qualitative. The growth rate of consumption in 4-6 tier cities is leading, and the core consumers are younger.

　　The Spring Festival is the most important traditional festival in China, and shopping is naturally the highlight during the Spring Festival. According to the data released by the Ministry of Commerce, during the Golden Week of the Spring Festival in 2019 (February 4 to 10), the national retail and catering enterprises achieved sales of about 1,005 billion yuan, an increase of 8.5% over last year’s Golden Week of the Spring Festival. At the same time of the steady and rapid growth of consumption during the Spring Festival, new highlights are also highlighted: commodity consumption pays more attention to quality; Food and beverage consumption is more year-round; Experience consumption such as traveling and watching movies is more popular. Emerging consumption highlights such as online consumption, customized consumption, experience consumption and smart consumption are numerous.

　　With the development of e-commerce platform and the increasing variety of goods, consumers are more and more accustomed to online shopping for new year’s goods and gifts during the Spring Festival. According to big data from JD.COM, the amount of orders placed during the Spring Festival holiday (from New Year’s Eve to the sixth day) increased by over 60% compared with the same period of last year, leading the retail market. The consumption during the Spring Festival reflects the consumption trend of China’s consumer market, such as the diversification and quality of consumers’ choices, the leading growth rate of consumption in cities in line 4-6, and the younger core consumers.

　　The wave of quality consumption leads the consumption upgrade

　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and the main contradiction in our society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development. In recent years, consumers’ pursuit of high-quality and beautiful life has been continuously improved. The e-commerce platform represented by JD.COM provides a wealth of goods and convenient services that don’t close, ensuring that consumers can enjoy convenient and fast shopping experience during the holiday season, and making Spring Festival consumption more fresh and quality.

　　During the Spring Festival, the top five categories of JD.COM platform sales are: mobile phone communication, computer office, household appliances, clothing, shoes and boots, and home furniture and home improvement. The top five sales categories are: local life/travel, maternal and child toys, food and beverage, beauty care, clothing and shoes.

　　JD.COM platform sales data shows the new bright spot of Spring Festival consumption: quality consumption is very obvious. According to big data from JD.COM, during the Spring Festival, the categories with the highest customer unit price were watches, mobile phones, jewelry, computer office and clothing shoes and boots. Compared with the same period of last year, the categories with the most obvious increase in customer unit price were kitchen utensils, local life/travel, gift bags, home furniture and home improvement, and clothing shoes and boots. It is worth noting that among these categories, consumers prefer to buy higher-end brands among similar products, and the consumption upgrading trend is the most obvious.

　　Compared with the past, the accompanying gifts for visiting relatives and friends during the Spring Festival this year are also more diversified. JD.COM big data shows that teaching AIDS, health care products for the elderly and gold ornaments have become popular gifts for Chinese New Year. Compared with the same period of last year, the sales volume of teaching AIDS increased by 710% year-on-year, the order amount of gold jewelry increased by 126% year-on-year, and the order amount of health care products such as aged milk powder, calcium tablets and vitamins increased by 128% year-on-year. The e-commerce retail platform, which is constantly enriched in commodity categories, provides consumers with a broader range of choices and becomes a good choice to meet consumers’ diversified and personalized shopping needs. It is not difficult to see from the consumption structure that the consumption proportion of non-physical goods, such as travel, entertainment and health, continues to increase compared with previous years, which also represents that China consumers pay more and more attention to cultural products and quality services.

　　The e-commerce platform also facilitates consumption during the holiday season. New Year’s Eve and dinner are indispensable in the Spring Festival. Even if the choice of offline supermarkets and vegetable markets is limited, consumers can buy the required ingredients or even semi-finished meals at any time on the e-commerce platform. The convenient retail platform allows consumers to eat well and buy easily during the Spring Festival. Compared with the same period of last year, the categories with the fastest year-on-year growth in fresh sales during the Spring Festival are: poultry, eggs, frozen food, seafood and aquatic products. In the consumption of fresh food, frozen food is the sales champion, among which Yuanxiao, hot pot pills and dumplings are all popular goods.

　　The changing trend of consumer demand is a clear consumption upgrade, which means that in addition to providing high-quality goods, enterprises need to continuously provide very personalized services. Ren Xingzhou, a researcher at the Institute of Market Economy of the State Council Development Research Center, believes that diversification of commodities and taking consumers as the center is an important starting point for promoting the steady growth of consumption through high-quality services.

　　Strong consumption vitality in generate, a low-tier city.

　　The continuous improvement of consumption quality during the Spring Festival is a spark of passion after the traditional taste of the year meets the digital economy. Advanced consumption during the Spring Festival is not only reflected in the diversification and individualization of categories, but also in the sinking of consumption upgrading, and the strong consumption vitality of low-tier cities and more consumers in generate.

　　Ten departments, including the National Development and Reform Commission, recently jointly issued the "Implementation Plan for Further Optimizing Supply, Promoting Steady Growth of Consumption and Promoting the Formation of a Strong Domestic Market (2019)", and put forward 24 specific measures in six aspects, which pointed out that it is necessary to stimulate urban and rural consumption and meet multi-level and personalized consumer demand.

　　The high-quality retail platform represented by JD.COM Platform brings a variety of goods to consumers through "no closing time during the Spring Festival", and the intimate service of door-to-door delivery makes shopping convenient and easy. Take New Year’s Eve and all kinds of dinners as an example. Consumers used to visit vegetable markets and supermarkets, but now they can buy the required ingredients directly on the e-commerce platform at any time. A convenient retail platform like JD.COM allows consumers to "eat all over the world" during the Spring Festival and make fresh and delicious food within reach.

　　According to big data from JD.COM, during the Spring Festival, consumption from low-tier cities showed strong growth, among which consumption growth in fourth-and sixth-tier cities was the highest. Behind the ease and convenience of shopping, there is an increasingly perfect logistics infrastructure layout. Now, with the gradual sinking of consumption channels, the gap between urban and rural areas has gradually narrowed, and the "small town youth" in low-tier cities have also released strong consumption vitality. On the one hand, young people who worked hard in the city returned home for the New Year, which effectively promoted the consumption upgrade in their hometown; On the other hand, the sinking of e-commerce channels has enabled more and more rural users to enjoy the convenient services of e-commerce anytime and anywhere during the holidays.

　　Returning population promotes the popularization of advanced consumption patterns.

　　Every year, the Spring Festival is the peak for travelers from all over the country to return home. The data shows that the number of floating population in China is 247 million, which is equivalent to one in every six people. These floating population will bring the consumption habits they developed in big cities back to their hometown, which is also driving the popularization of advanced consumption patterns and habits.

　　The floating population in different cities also have different consumption habits for purchasing new year’s goods. According to JD.COM Big Data, the floating population in the Yangtze River Delta region is the most willing to spend money on buying new year’s goods. On average, they have to buy more than 1,000 yuan for their hometown.

　　In recent years, the new year’s goods purchased by returning youth have also effectively verified the growth of consumers in China. For example, large-scale electrical appliances and large-scale furniture were the main products in 2016 and 2017, but their rankings dropped sharply in 2018. In 2018, watches and beauty and skin care products that are smaller in size and relatively inexpensive have become a new generation of new year’s goods. It is worth mentioning that local travel and car maintenance ranked second and third respectively in 2018, which means that young people in the new era are more inclined to buy services for their parents than to buy more practical furniture and appliances.

　　The analysis of JD.COM Big Data shows that when a commodity is bought back to its hometown as a new year’s goods, it will have a direct expansion effect. In the following six months, the sales volume of typical "returning home for new year’s goods" will increase significantly, which means that a new consumption habit has flowed from the purchase of floating population to the hometown and has become a new consumption trend in new regions. This means that the floating population is changing the overall consumption structure through their consumption behavior.

　　From hoarding radish, cabbage, rice flour, grain and oil, clothes, shoes and socks in the past, to jumping out of the shackles of "food and clothing" and enjoying all kinds of special goods anytime and anywhere, this is behind the unremitting pursuit and continuous creation of the broad masses of people for a better life. With the people’s pockets getting bigger and bigger, their consumption tastes are getting higher and higher, and their desire for consumption is getting stronger and stronger. The rapid improvement of national consumption capacity is particularly obvious during the Spring Festival, and the high-quality e-commerce platform brings high-quality goods and considerate services to consumers with rich goods and convenient services, which is a clear manifestation of the improvement of China’s economic level and the continuous upgrading of consumption. (This article Source: Economic Daily Author: JD.COM Big Data Research Institute Economic Daily China Economic Trend Research Institute Author: Sun Shifang Liu Hui Wang Zhen Liu Yanan)

　　(Reporter zhangxin) On February 10th, Beijing Youth Daily reporter learned from Yuantong, Shentong, Zhongtong, Yunda, Baishi, Debon Express and other enterprises that the express service network of related enterprises gradually returned to normal from January 28th to yesterday, and effective measures were introduced to ensure epidemic prevention and production recovery. Post, SF Express, Jingdong Logistics and Suning Logistics have been operating normally during the Spring Festival.

　　The relevant person in charge of Yuantong told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that since January 28, except for the key epidemic prevention and control areas, Yuantong has fully resumed normal operation. On February 9th, Yuantong also introduced five measures, including epidemic prevention materials support, interest-free fund support, employee insurance gift, assessment method adjustment and emergency assistance management, to further reduce the operating pressure of the branch, ensure the safety of personnel and production, and ensure the quality of operation and service.

　　Shentong Express, Yunda Express, ZTO Express Express and Best Express announced that the whole network will resume operation in an all-round way from February 10th. However, due to the influence of epidemic control in various places, priority will be given to concentrating resources to ensure the delivery of medical and epidemic prevention materials, and the timeliness of some express mail may be affected.

　　Debon Express said that it gradually resumed operations on February 10, and various provincial and municipal outlets are applying for resumption of work. Combined with the requirements of epidemic prevention departments in various provinces and cities, Debon Express outlets are also preparing in an orderly manner, and will gradually resume operations through flexible gradient scheduling in the next one to two weeks.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned that for the network to resume production during the epidemic control period, each express delivery company must first ensure the safety protection of the employees returning to work, not only to ensure the protection of protective materials such as masks, disinfectant, gloves and other necessities, but also to strengthen the employees’ own protection awareness. In view of the safety protection of business outlets, it is required to strictly implement the registration system, daily newspaper system and emergency immediate reporting system.