In the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, when discussing how to accelerate the construction of an innovative country, the construction of a network power is juxtaposed with the construction of a science and technology power, a quality power, a space power, a transportation power, a digital China, and a smart society, as an important measure to build a modern economic system and an innovative country. Making great efforts to build China into a network power is an important content of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s thoughts on the network in the new era of the supreme leader, and it is also an indispensable part of realizing the Chinese dream of great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In the second collective study of the new the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held after the 19th National Congress, the top leaders particularly emphasized the strategic vision and strategic planning of implementing the national big data strategy and accelerating the construction of digital China, which pointed out the focus and roadmap for us to push China from a cyber power to a cyber power in the new era.
1. We have entered a new stage of information development marked by big data.
Driven by the cross-convergence and common progress of information technologies such as Internet (mobile Internet), Internet of Things, cloud computing and artificial intelligence, human society is showing a new form of all things perception, all things interconnection, all things intelligence, all things calculation and all things empowerment. The almost ubiquitous and ever-present interconnection of things, people and people has greatly expanded the data footprint, and the explosive growth of massive data has become the most distinctive new symbol of the contemporary information society. Comprehensive data perception, massive data aggregation, accurate data calculation, data wisdom analysis, data asset cognition and data-driven development, these new trends of economic and social development characterized by big data constitute a new stage of information society development, and information civilization has entered a new stage of big data development. With the development of Internet and broadband in China and around the world, the new stage of big data development is showing different development characteristics from the past.
According to the International Telecommunication Union’s Information and Communication Technology Facts and Data 2017, in the five years from 2012 to 2017, the global broadband service speed has been continuously upgraded, and the international Internet bandwidth has increased by 32% from 2015 to 2016. The development of mobile broadband has largely surpassed that of fixed broadband, and the global mobile broadband subscription has increased at an average annual rate of more than 25%. These factors have led to about half of the world’s population being able to access the Internet and In 2017, the global youth (aged 15 -24) used the Internet. In 104 countries, more than 80% of the young people used the Internet. Among the 830 million young people who used the Internet, 320 million (39%) were in China and India. According to the latest statistics of the World Internet Statistics website, as of June 30, 2017, the total population of the world is about 7.519 billion, the number of "Internet Users" who have used the Internet has reached 3.835 billion, and the Penetration Rate of the global Internet is 51%. According to the 40th Statistical Report on China’s Internet Development released by China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC), as of June 2017, the number of netizens in China reached 751 million, accounting for one-fifth of the global netizens, and the Internet penetration rate was 54.3%, which exceeded the global average by 4.6 percentage points. At the same time, the global ranking of informatization in China is also on the rise.According to the National Informatization Development Evaluation Report (2016) released by China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC), the global ranking of informatization in China has rapidly climbed from 36th in 2012 to 25th in 2016, surpassing the average level of G20 for the first time. On April 19, 2016, at the symposium on network security and informatization, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader praised the rapid development of the Internet and the sharp increase in the number of netizens in China: "The Internet has increasingly become a new space for people to study, work and live, and a new platform for obtaining public services. There are 700 million netizens in China, which is an amazing number and an amazing achievement. "
With the increase of the number of Internet users, the number of mobile phones surfing the Internet and the time spent surfing the Internet, the amount of information data has increased sharply, which has created the foundation and environment of information data for the era of artificial intelligence and has had a great impact on economic development, political construction, social governance, state management, cultural undertakings, national defense diplomacy and people’s lives. Just as Robin Li, chairman and CEO of Baidu Company, pointed out in his speech at the 4th plenary session in world internet conference, the current Internet has three growth drivers: algorithm, computing power and data. The uniqueness of the Internet in China is that 700 million netizens speak the same language, abide by the same laws, and produce data with uniform rules, which can promote the innovation of algorithms, thus promoting the improvement of computing power. From finance to real estate, education, medical care, etc., it will change due to artificial intelligence. This is a great era. Artificial intelligence is comparable to the industrial revolution, and it is expected to bring new surprises to everyone.
Second, the big data strategy is an important kinetic energy for building a network power.
As early as July 17th, 2013, in his important speech delivered during his inspection of China Academy of Sciences, the Supreme Leader profoundly revealed the great strategic role of big data in the development of today’s world, pointing out that the vast ocean of data, like the oil resources of industrial society, contains huge productivity and business opportunities. Whoever has mastered big data technology will have the resources and initiative for development. This is the proper meaning of the goal of building a network power.
From the analysis of the situation of big data development at home and abroad, big data has become an important engine kinetic energy for contemporary economic and social development, an important field and commanding point for competition and cooperation in science, technology and industry in various countries around the world, and a new space and new paradigm for innovation and transformation in various industries; At the same time, huge and universal information security, network security, data security issues are frequent, becoming the focus of attention of all countries. The big data strategy and the goal of strengthening the country by network are mutually causal and inseparable. Big data strategy is an important kinetic energy for building a network power, and the goal of network power will further promote the development of big data strategy. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that it is necessary to "promote the deep integration of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and the real economy". After the closing of the 19th National Congress, in early December 2017, the Supreme Leader mentioned both "Internet" and "Big Data" in three speeches and congratulatory letters. On December 1, the Supreme Leader pointed out in his keynote speech at the high-level dialogue meeting between the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the world’s political parties: "Today, the Internet, big data, cloud computing, quantum satellites and artificial intelligence are developing rapidly, and the connection between human life is unprecedented …" On December 3rd, the Supreme Leader pointed out in his congratulatory letter to the 4th world internet conference: The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China formulated the action plan and blueprint for Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and proposed to build a network power, a digital China and a smart society, and promote the deep integration of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and the real economy. "on December 8,The supreme leader stressed when presiding over the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee’s second collective study on implementing the national big data strategy; Promote the deep integration of the Internet, big data and artificial intelligence with the real economy. These discourses have repeatedly emphasized the significance of big data in building a network power.
In the second collective study in the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, the supreme leader emphasized the 16-character policy of implementing the national big data strategy, namely, "sizing up the situation, carefully planning, planning ahead, and striving for initiative." This is the development strategy to be adhered to in the new journey of building a network power and digital China. Assessing the situation is to look far, deeply understand the development status and trends of big data and its impact on the economy and society, analyze the achievements and existing problems of big data in China, and have a clear understanding of the strategic development opportunities and challenges of big data. Careful planning is to use the world vision and future vision to strategically design the development of big data, and determine the strategic objectives, implementation strategies and policy paths. Advance layout is to promote the implementation of the national big data strategy, accelerate the improvement of digital infrastructure, promote the integration and open sharing of data resources, ensure data security, accelerate the construction of digital China, and better serve China’s economic and social development and people’s life improvement. Strive for initiative, that is, to grasp the time window when information development enters a new stage of big data, give full play to the advantages of China as a network power, learn from the development experience of other countries, take the road of strategic development of big data with China characteristics and become a network power, and contribute China wisdom and China’s ideas to global network governance.
Third, the six key points of the implementation of the big data strategy
If we say that the strategic deployment of building a network power should be synchronized with the goal of "two hundred years", and the goal of basically popularizing network infrastructure, significantly enhancing the ability of independent innovation, comprehensively developing the information economy, and ensuring strong network security, then implementing the national big data strategy is the focus of building a network power. Regarding how to implement the national big data strategy, the supreme leader put forward the specific deployment and roadmap of the "six essentials".
First, we must promote the innovation and development of the big data technology industry.
The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that we should accelerate the construction of a manufacturing powerhouse, accelerate the development of advanced manufacturing industries, promote the deep integration of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and the real economy, and cultivate new growth points and form new kinetic energy in the fields of middle and high-end consumption, innovation leading, green and low-carbon, sharing economy, modern supply chain and human capital services. In his speech at the 2018 New Year Tea Party in Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Time waits for no one! We must walk ahead of time and become the wave of the times. " Shortly after the 19th National Congress, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Three-year Action Plan for Promoting the Development of a New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Industry (2018-2020)" in December 2017, aiming at implementing the spirit of the 19th National Congress and the previously released "Made in China 2025" and "Development Plan for a New Generation of Artificial Intelligence", accelerating the development of artificial intelligence industry and promoting the deep integration of artificial intelligence and the real economy. According to the principle of "system layout, key breakthrough, collaborative innovation, openness and order", this action plan puts forward four main tasks: cultivating intelligent products; Break through the core foundation; Deepen the development of intelligent manufacturing and encourage the exploration and application of a new generation of artificial intelligence technology in all aspects of the industrial field; Build a supporting system and improve the development environment of artificial intelligence. These new initiatives precisely reflect the national big data development strategic policy of "sizing up the situation, carefully planning, advancing layout and striving for initiative".
Second, we must build a digital economy with data as the key element.
At present, the world economy is accelerating the transformation to economic activities with the network information technology industry as an important content. Big data has become a new production factor, and the digital economy based on data has become an innovative economy, an open economy and a new economy representing the future. In the case of weak global economic growth, digital economy is regarded as an accelerator to promote economic change, efficiency change and power change and a new lever to incite economic development. The White Paper on Digital Economy Development in China 2017 released by China Institute of Information and Communication shows that the total digital economy in China reached 22.6 trillion yuan in 2016, up nearly 19% year-on-year, accounting for more than 30% of GDP. The number of Internet users using mobile phones in China exceeded 1.1 billion, ranking first in the world, and the total length of optical cable lines was 30.41 million kilometers, ranking first in the world. The total digital economy ranks second in the world, and a number of world-class Internet companies have reshaped the innovation pattern. China is experiencing a "digital butterfly" in manufacturing, consumption and other fields. According to statistics, in 2016, the scale of mobile payment in the United States was $112 billion, while in 2016, the market scale of mobile payment in China reached $5.5 trillion, nearly 50 times that of the United States. China is developing rapidly in the mobile payment market and will probably become the first country in the world to build a "cashless society". According to the forecast, China’s digital economy will reach US$ 16 trillion in 2035, which will promote deep-seated changes in China’s industrial manufacturing and build a more agile production, management and management system.It is the historical opportunity given to China by history to cultivate new kinetic energy with informationization and promote new development with new kinetic energy.
The deep integration of Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and real economy is giving birth to the genetic mutation and brand-new transformation of China’s traditional manufacturing industry, moving from the low-end to the high-end of the global industrial chain. At the G-20 Hangzhou Summit in 2016, China promoted the formulation and adoption of the G-20 Digital Economy Development and Cooperation Initiative. Once the brand-new economic concept of "digital economy" was put forward, it attracted worldwide attention. The development trend of digital economy requires us to speed up the digitalization and intelligence of traditional industries, make the digital economy bigger and stronger, and expand new space for economic development.
Third, we must use big data to improve the modernization level of national governance.
The changes brought about by the new stage of big data not only in the economic field, but also open up new ways for national management and provide new means for social governance innovation. We should deeply understand the role of big data in national management and social governance, build a national integrated national big data center through data set neutralization and sharing, promote technology integration, business integration and data integration, and realize cross-level, cross-regional, cross-system, cross-departmental and cross-business collaborative management and platform services. Here, we need to change the thinking mode of big data in the new stage, make use of the advantages of flat, interactive and fast Internet to promote scientific government decision-making, accurate social governance and efficient public services, and use information technology to better perceive social situation, smooth communication channels and assist decision-making and governance.
The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "Strengthen the construction of Internet content, establish a comprehensive network governance system, and create a clear cyberspace". Cyberspace, like physical space, is a space governed by law. We should use the new technologies and new means of big data, adhere to the rule of law, run the network according to law, and surf the Internet according to law, so as to make the Internet in the common home of mankind with massive data growth more beautiful, cleaner and safer.
Fourth, we must use big data to promote security and improve people’s livelihood.
The innovation of big data is hailed as the key to fundamentally open the lock of growth. As a symbolic technology of the new round of scientific and technological revolution, big data technology is changing with each passing day, which has brought and will bring revolutionary changes to people’s production methods and lifestyles. The Supreme Leader pointed out: "We should adapt to the people’s expectations and needs, speed up the popularization of information services, reduce the application cost, provide the people with useful, affordable and well-used information services, and let hundreds of millions of people have more sense of gain in sharing the fruits of Internet development." In his New Year message in 2018, the Supreme Leader particularly emphasized the improvement of people’s livelihood, pointing out: "Our great development achievements were created by the people and should be shared by the people. I understand that the people are most concerned about education, employment, income, social security, medical care, old-age care, housing, environment and other things. Everyone has gained a lot, but also has many worries and troubles. There are still many unsatisfactory places in our people’s livelihood work, which requires us to enhance our sense of mission and responsibility and truly do things that benefit the people. Party committees, governments and cadres at all levels should keep the safety of ordinary people in mind at all times, take the benefit of the people as their greatest achievement, think about what the masses think, and be anxious about the urgency of the masses to make people’s lives happier. " Therefore, giving full play to the technological advantages of big data, implementing "Internet+education", "Internet+medical care" and "internet plus culture" to promote the equalization of basic public services is not only an important path to promote security and improve people’s livelihood, but also a new need and huge space for unlimited development.Such as distance education and medical treatment based on big data and Internet, ID card and medical insurance in different places on the Internet, intelligent pension based on Internet and interconnection technology, information security prevention and guarantee under big data and cloud computing, data monitoring in big data environment, and so on.
Fifth, we must effectively protect national data security.
Just like everything has two sides, in building a network power and implementing the national big data strategy, we should not only maximize the positive energy of big data, but also prevent and avoid its negative effects. The main issue discussed here is data security. "Without network security, there will be no national security, and without informationization, there will be no modernization" has become the famous saying of the supreme leader’s network view.
Data security caused by big data has become a real problem in big data innovation. In recent years, hundreds of thousands, millions, tens of millions or even billions of data leaks at home and abroad have become the norm. According to Scientific American, there were many major data breaches in 2017. In the first half of 2017 alone, 1.9 billion records were leaked or stolen, more than the total in 2016 (1.4 billion). How to effectively protect national data security and personal information security has become an urgent task for countries to develop big data strategies. How to accelerate the construction of network infrastructure, lay the "foundation" of digital economy, how to explore better information sharing and mutual trust and recognition mechanisms, and how to keep the bottom line of security need to be explored and solved in innovation. At the opening ceremony of the second world internet conference in 2015, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Infringement of personal privacy, infringement of intellectual property rights and cyber crimes have occurred from time to time all over the world, and network monitoring, cyber attacks and cyber terrorism activities have become global public hazards." From a global perspective, the threat of network security to data security has become increasingly prominent, and it is spreading to political, economic, cultural, social, ecological, national defense and other fields. Therefore, on the basis of mutual respect and trust, the international community should strengthen dialogue and cooperation, promote the reform of the global governance system of the Internet, and jointly build a community of cyberspace destiny.
From the perspective of effectively ensuring national data security, the most critical and core technology should be based on independent innovation, self-reliance, aiming at the forefront of world science and technology, strengthening basic research, and achieving a major breakthrough in forward-looking basic research and leading original achievements; It is also necessary to strengthen the security protection of key information infrastructure and enhance the ability of data security early warning and traceability. Take the "life gate" of national data security in your own hands, and change the situation that foreign enterprises dominate the China market in all fields of information systems, and the core components depend on imports, and there are serious security risks such as Trojans, loopholes and back doors. Fortunately, this situation is gradually changing. For example, the industrial and commercial secret network of China Aerospace Science and Technology Department based on "Tianyue" series computer products and "Tianyi" cloud platform has recently been born-it is the largest autonomous controllable information system in China so far, and it has been praised by industry experts as a typical example of implementing autonomous controllable substitution of network information security in China. At the same time, in the process of ensuring the development of national data security, we should adhere to open innovation, and constantly improve ourselves by finding our own gaps with experts. For example, in December 2017, China and the United States signed the Joint Statement on Compatibility and Interoperability of Beidou and GPS Signals, which promoted the cooperation among members of the world satellite navigation family, indicating that Beidou and GPS can achieve signal compatibility in the design and construction of satellite navigation systems, further improve the navigation and positioning accuracy and better serve users all over the world.
Sixth, we should improve the data literacy of managers at all levels.
In the new stage of big data development, managers at all levels should realize the transformation from improving information literacy to improving data literacy. The data literacy discussed here is newer and more comprehensive than the previous information literacy. Data literacy should include safety awareness, network skills, data computing, intelligent ethics and so on. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "Being good at using Internet technology and information technology to carry out work" is a new requirement for managers at all levels in the new stage of big data and the goal of becoming a network power, and it is also a principle and policy that must be adhered to in striving to create a new era of network power.
With the rapid development of the Internet, "the Internet has become a new platform for us to communicate with the masses, a new way to understand the masses, get close to them and solve problems for them, and a new channel to carry forward people’s democracy and accept people’s supervision." Managers at all levels should not only be good at summing up past management experience, but also conform to the development trend of network coverage, data-driven and intelligence, and actively adapt to and grasp the new changes and new features brought by big data algorithms to management. In the new stage of big data development, the concept of management based on experience and laws is out of date, and the unchanging concept is no longer competent for the current management work. It is necessary to use the comprehensive literacy of experience, laws and algorithms as a new idea of scientific management in the new era.
A new era, a new theory, a new journey, a new atmosphere, and new actions are the new blueprints and new requirements drawn by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. As a rising network power, we are striding forward from a network power to a network power. Happiness is a struggle. We should strive to create a new situation of building a network power in the era of big data with road confidence, theoretical confidence, institutional confidence and cultural confidence. (The author is a researcher at the Institute of Information, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences)
